Foot & Ankle

Achilles Tendon Problems

The band of tissue that connects muscle to bone on the back of the lower leg is known as the “Achilles tendon.” Two common problems related to this section of the leg are “Achilles Tendonitis” (when this tendon becomes inflamed) and “Achilles Tendonosis” (further degeneration if the Achilles tendonitis is not treated). In short, “Achilles Tendonitis” can turn into “Achilles Tendonosis.” Symptoms include pain, stiffness, and extreme tenderness within the area of the tendon. Achilles tendon problems can be diagnosed with physical examination and MRI. Depending on the severity of the particular problem, treatment options can include applying a cast, walking boot or night splints, placing ice on the Achilles tendon, and physical therapy. More severe cases of this condition may require surgery.

Ankle Instability

If the lateral (or outside) of the ankle has been frequently injured, it may an indication of ankle instability. This condition is often a result of an ankle having suffered repeated sprains. Symptoms include turning of the ankle, swelling, discomfort, and an overall feeling of wobbling when putting pressure on the ankle. Ankle instability can be diagnosed through X-rays or other forms of imaging. Depending on the severity of the instability, treatment options can include physical therapy, applying an ankle bracelet, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). More severe cases of this condition may require surgery.

Ankle Sprains

If a person is simply walking, running, or should happen to move their foot awkwardly and it twists or turns, he or she may wind up with a sprain. Symptoms of a sprained ankle include feeling pain, swelling, and bruising. Depending on the severity, this condition may be diagnosed through physical exams, X-rays, or MRI scans. Where treatment is concerned, people who are experiencing a minor sprained ankle should rest, apply ice, place an elastic band around the affected area, and elevate it. (So: rest, ice, compression, elevation – words which have been adopted by the medical profession into a simple acronym to remember: RICE.) More severe cases of this condition may require having a cast or boot placed to keep the ankle still and in place.

Flat Feet

For some people, the arches on the inside of their feet do not form a curve but are flat. The complete soles of their feet touch the ground when they stand. This condition is known as “flat feet.” Having flat feet is the result of the arches not forming properly in childhood, an injury, or it may develop as a person ages. Overall, this condition is only problematic if the feet become painful. In more serious cases, flat feet can adversely change the alignment of the legs, which in turn can lead to issues with the knees and ankles. Imaging tests (X-rays, MRIs and ultrasounds) can determine the seriousness of a diagnosis of flat feet. This condition cannot be cured, and treatment is only necessary if feet become painful. Helpful treatment options include placing arch supports in shoes or changing to supportive shoes, and certain types of stretching exercises.

Foot and Ankle Pain

Since the feet receive pressure from standing, walking, jogging or running, it is not uncommon that they will experience some kind of pain or irritation. While a lot of instances of foot and ankle pain tend to be short term, it is recommended to seek the help and advice from a podiatrist for a complete examination. If a particular case is not too serious, practicing RICE (an acronym for Restrict, Ice, Compression, Elevate) can serve as treatment. Additionally, foot massage can help stimulate blood flow and reduce swelling. Should the foot and ankle pain be more serious, however, the podiatrist will advise on the most effective methods of treatment.

Heel Spurs

If calcium deposits build up on the underside of a person’s heel bone over a gradual period of time, he or she has developed “heel spurs,” which leads to foot pain. This condition can be the result of strain and stretching of the foot muscles and ligaments, as well as tears to the membrane covering the heel bone. Symptoms of heel spurs consist mostly of occasional or sharp chronic pain when walking, and this can lead to inflammation. This condition may be diagnosed through X-rays. For most cases of foot spurs, treatment may involve particular stretching exercises, physical therapy, placing inserts in the patient’s shoes to serve as a cushion, or even upgrading to better-designed shoes. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary.

Plantar Fasciitis

The sole of the foot is referred to as the “plantar” surface of the foot. If the tissue that spans the bottom of the foot becomes inflamed, the condition is “plantar fasciitis.” This condition can be the result of everything from extensive walking or running to wearing poorly designed shoes that can damage the feet. Symptoms associated with plantar fasciitis may include extreme, stabbing-like pains close to the heel of the foot, which can be worse when the person suffering from the condition wakes up in the morning. More often than not, this condition can be diagnosed through a physical exam. Mild cases of plantar fasciitis can be treated with physical therapy and placing inserts in the patient’s shoes as an extra cushion against discomfort. Sometimes, if the case is severe, steroid injections or surgery may be necessary.